We present an adaptive stimulation algorithm that measures the firing rate of a neuron and adjusts the stimulus to maintain a relative stimulus frequency to firing frequency and demonstrate it in a computational model of a tonic-clonic seizure. Stimuli applied at the firing rate of the neuron generally synchronize the population while stimuli slightly slower than the firing rate prevent synchronization. Therefore, it is possible to either extend or truncate the tonic or clonic phases of the seizure. Periodic forcing can synchronize or desynchronize an oscillating population of neurons, depending on the stimulus frequency and amplitude. To this model we add periodic stimulation pulses to simulate DBS. The network spontaneously switches from tonic to clonic as synaptic strengths and tonic input to the neurons decreases. Cells are connected using second order network topology to simulate network topologies measured in cortical networks. Stimulation suppression is demonstrated in a computational model using 3000 excitatory Morris-Lecar model neurons connected with depressing synapses.

Two protocols are presented: open-loop stimulation and a closed-loop feedback system utilizing measured firing rates to adjust stimulus frequency. This paper presents novel DBS stimulus protocols to disrupt seizures. Visual inspection of the surface electromyogram (EMG) during seizures contributed considerably to a better understanding and accurat.ĭynamic control of modeled tonic-clonic seizure states with closed-loop stimulationįull Text Available Seizure control using deep brain stimulation (DBS provides an alternative therapy to patients with intractable and drug resistant epilepsy. Purpose: Tonic seizures and the tonic phase of tonicâ€“ clonic epileptic seizures are defined as â€œsustained tonicâ€ muscle contraction lasting a few seconds to minutes. Patterns of muscle activation during generalized tonic and tonicâ€“ clonic epileptic seizuresĬonradsen, Isa Wolf, Peter Sams, Thomas Antiepileptic drug treatment is effective. There was a low frequency of seizures in patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Precipitating factors were found in relation to 31% of seizures in patients with remote symptomatic or cryptogenic epilepsy, and for 51% of seizures in patients with idiopathic epilepsy. The frequency of seizures was significantly lower during treatment. Without treatment 97 seizures manifested during 90.5 years without treatment (1.07 seizures/year), during treatment with carbamazepine or valproate 49 seizures occurred within 224 years (0.2 seizures/year). The total number of seizures in all patients was 146. Retrospective analysis of data from 34 patients (mean age at seizure onset 19 years mean duration of follow-up 9.2 years) suffering from epilepsy of either cryptogenic or remote symptomatic (n = 19), or idiopathic (n = 15) etiology. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of precipitating factors and therapy on the outcome of epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Precipitating factors and therapeutic outcome in epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures.īauer, J Saher, M S Burr, W Elger, C E longer (called the post-ictal state) Loss of memory (amnesia) about the seizure episode Headache Weakness of. tonic-clonic seizures have vision, taste, smell, or sensory changes, hallucinations, or dizziness before the seizure. We present a rare case of tonic-clonic seizures in a patient receiving Oxaliplatin in the absence of PRES. One case report has been described in the literature. Oxaliplatin-induced seizures rarely occur in the absence of PRES. After 5 cycles of FOLFIRI, the patient did not develop any seizures, making Oxaliplatin the most likely culprit for his seizures. His chemotherapy regimen was switched to Folinic acid, Fluorouracil, and Irinotecan (FOLFIRI.

The patient was rechallenged with FOLFOX but he had tonic-clonic seizures for the second time. EEG and MRI of the brain showed no acute abnormality. Laboratory workup was within normal limits. During the third cycle of FOLFOX, the patient developed tonic-clonic seizures. Adjuvant chemotherapy was started with Folinic acid, Fluorouracil, and Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX. Appendectomy was done and pathology showed mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma. CT scan of the abdomen showed acute appendicitis. A 50-year-old male patient presented with severe abdominal pain. A rare side effect is seizures which are usually associated with posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRES. Common side effects are peripheral neuropathy, hematological toxicity, and allergic reactions.

Oxaliplatin-Induced Tonic-Clonic Seizuresĭirectory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)įull Text Available Oxaliplatin is a common chemotherapy drug used for colon and gastric cancers.

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